Prevalence and influencing factors of school bullying victimization among high school children left-behind by migrated parents: a cross-sectional survey in Hunan province
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摘要:
目的 了解湖南省双亲留守儿童遭受校园欺凌现况及其影响因素。 方法 于2018年4 — 7月，在湖南省采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法抽取1506名双亲留守儿童作为研究对象，采用Olweus欺凌问卷进行匿名问卷调查。 结果 湖南省双亲留守儿童遭受、实施校园欺凌检出率分别为20.39%和5.64%，遭受言语欺凌为湖南省双亲留守儿童最常见受欺凌类型（17.60%）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，男生（OR = 2.116，95%CI = 1.471～3.045）、经常玩暴力游戏（OR = 1.624，95%CI = 1.040～2.536）、很少或从未与外出父母联系（OR = 1.528，95%CI = 1.066～2.189）、父母或主要监护人经常相互吵架（OR = 3.127，95%CI = 1.659～5.895）、无学校安全感（OR = 1.876，95%CI = 1.290～2.728）、感知班级氛围不和谐（OR = 1.604，95%CI = 1.138～2.261）是双亲留守儿童校园遭受欺凌的危险因素。 结论 湖南省双亲留守儿童遭受校园欺凌情况较为普遍，校园欺凌的预防和干预应从个人、家庭、学校多个层面提出针对性措施。 Abstract:Objective To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of school bullying among high school children left behind by both mother and father in Hunan province. Methods Using multistage stratified cluster sampling, we recruited 8 439 children from 32 high schools in 4 prefectures of Hunan province for a self-administered anonymous questionnaire survey conducted during April – July 2018. The Olweus Bullying/Victimization Questionnaire (OBVQ) and a self-designed questionnaire were used in the survey. Among all the participants, 1 506 children with both maternal and paternal migration were included in the analysis. Results Of the 1506 left-behind children, the overall prevalence of school bullying victimization and perpetration were 20.39% and 5.64%, respectively. Verbal bullying victimization was the most common type of school bullying reported by 17.60% of victimized children. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed following significant risk factors for school bullying victimization: male gender (odds ratio [OR] = 2.116, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.471 – 3.045), playing violent games frequently (OR = 1.624, 95%CI: 1.040 – 2.536), rarely or never communicating with their parents (OR = 1.528, 95%CI: 1.066 – 2.189), frequent quarrels between parents or primary caregivers (OR = 3.127, 95%CI: 1.659 – 5.895), lack of perceived safety in school (OR = 1.876, 95%CI: 1.290 – 2.728), and with a perceived disharmony atmosphere in class (OR = 1.604, 95%CI: 1.138 – 2.261). Conclusion School bullying victimization is common among high school children with both maternal and paternal migration in Hunan province and targeted interventions should be developed for comprehensive prevention of the school bullying. -
Key words:
- left-behind children /
- school bullying /
- ecological system
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表 1 双亲留守儿童遭受校园欺凌的单因素分析
Table 1. Influences of individual, family environment, and schooling factors on school bullying victimization: univariate analysis on the data from 1 506 high school children left behind by both mother and father in Hunan province
因素 调查人数 占比（%） 遭受欺凌人数 检出率（%） χ2 值 P 值 性别 54.947 0.000 男性 712 47.28 203 28.51 女性 794 52.72 104 13.10 年级 27.002 0.000 初中 914 60.69 226 24.73 高中 592 39.31 81 13.68 玩暴力游戏频率 36.335 0.000 没有或很少 1183 78.97 204 17.24 偶尔 98 6.54 28 28.58 经常 217 14.49 74 34.10 结交社会上朋友的数量 11.872 0.003 没有或很少 1125 77.91 223 19.82 有一些 278 19.25 45 16.19 比较多或很多 41 2.84 16 39.02 孩子联系外出父母频率 10.170 0.001 很少或从未 415 28.33 105 25.30 经常 1050 71.67 188 17.90 外出父母联系老师频率 6.918 0.009 很少或从未 1191 81.52 228 19.14 经常 270 18.48 71 26.30 父母回来参加家长会频率 11.554 0.021 每次 113 7.78 22 19.47 经常 294 20.22 43 14.63 有时 691 47.52 149 21.56 从未 356 24.48 80 22.47 父母或主要监护人相互吵架频率 6.421 0.040 没有或很少 1330 91.22 259 19.47 偶尔 90 6.17 26 28.89 经常 38 2.61 11 28.95 父母或主要监护人殴打孩子频率 33.403 0.000 没有或很少 1402 96.16 270 19.26 偶尔 38 2.61 15 39.47 经常 18 1.23 12 66.67 学校所在地 7.321 0.007 农村 1174 78.01 257 21.89 城市 331 21.99 50 15.11 班主任性别 8.468 0.004 男性 839 63.13 195 23.24 女性 490 36.87 81 16.53 是否开设心理健康课程 19.663 0.000 是 693 53.30 115 16.59 否 607 46.69 162 26.69 学校安全感 29.548 0.000 安全 1147 76.47 198 17.26 不安全 353 23.53 108 30.59 班级氛围 27.148 0.000 不和谐 717 49.52 186 25.94 和谐 731 50.48 109 14.91 合计 1506 100.00 307 20.39 
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表 2 双亲留守儿童校园欺凌行为的多因素logistic回归分析
Table 2. Associations of individual, family environment, and schooling factors with school bullying victimization: multi-variate logistic regression analysis on the data from 1 506 high school children left-behind by both mother and father in Hunan province
变量 比较组 参照组 β $S_{\bar x}$ Wald χ2 值 P 值 OR 值 95%CI 性别 男性 女性 0.750 0.186 16.308 0.000 2.116 1.471～3.045 玩暴力游戏频率 偶尔 没有或很少 0.569 0.315 3.253 0.071 1.766 0.952～3.278 经常 0.485 0.227 4.552 0.033 1.624 1.040～2.536 孩子联系外出父母频率 很少或从未 经常 0.424 0.184 5.333 0.021 1.528 1.066～2.189 外出父母联系老师频率 很少或从未 经常 – 0.463 0.205 5.100 0.024 0.629 0.421～0.941 父母或主要监护人相互吵架频率 经常 没有或很少 1.140 0.323 12.426 0.000 3.127 1.659～5.895 偶尔 0.095 0.513 0.034 0.854 1.099 0.402～3.003 班主任性别 男性 女性 0.371 0.181 4.205 0.040 1.450 1.017～2.067 是否开设心理健康课程 否 是 0.800 0.261 9.364 0.002 2.226 1.333～3.715 学校安全感 不安全 安全 0.629 0.191 10.835 0.001 1.876 1.290～2.728 班级氛围 不和谐 和谐 0.473 0.175 7.288 0.007 1.604 1.138～2.261
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