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湖南省2021年成年居民营养健康知识知晓率及其影响因素分析

Awareness rate and influencing factors of nutrition and health knowledge among adult residents in Hunan province in 2021: a cross-sectional survey

  • 摘要:
      目的  了解2021年湖南省18~64岁成年居民营养健康知识知晓率及其影响因素,为优化营养健康知识科普教育内容和制定营养干预措施提供参考依据。
      方法  于2021年4 — 5月,在湖南省13个区(县)对4 351名18~64岁成年居民采用“中国18~64岁成年居民营养健康知识问卷”进行现场调查,其中营养健康知识包括膳食推荐、食物特点、营养与疾病、食物选择、食品安全5个维度共20题,调查对象问卷得分 ≥ 75分,判定为该调查对象知晓营养健康知识;应用SPSS 22.0统计分析软件进行分析。
      结果  最终纳入调查分析共计4010人,成年居民获得营养健康知识的渠道主要是微信/微博/抖音/快手等软件(77.4%)、电视/广播等(53.5%)、家人/亲戚/朋友等(43.4%)。成年居民营养健康知识问卷平均得分为(62.2 ± 12.4)分,成年居民整体营养健康知识知晓率水平为15.0%。logistic回归分析结果显示,女性营养健康知识知晓率高于男性(OR = 1.319,95%CI = 1.097~1.585);居住地为城市的居民知晓率高于农村(OR = 1.266,95%CI = 1.044~1.536);以小学及以下文化程度作为参照,文化程度为初中(OR = 2.257,95%CI = 1.433~3.553)、高中/中专/技校(OR = 3.916,95%CI = 2.452~6.255)、大专/职大(OR = 7.859,95%CI = 4.813~12.830)、本科(OR = 11.943,95%CI=7.105~20.075)、硕士研究生及以上(OR = 12.813,95%CI = 3.929~41.788)居民知晓率较高;以其他工作单位为参照,工作单位为医疗卫生机构的居民知晓率较高(OR = 1.849,95%CI = 1.397~2.447)。
      结论  湖南省18~64岁成年居民的营养健康知识知晓率水平有待提高,性别、居住地、文化程度和工作单位是居民营养健康知识知晓率的影响因素。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  To examine the status quo and influencing factors of nutrition and health knowledge among permanent residents aged 18 – 64 years in Hunan province in 2021.
      Methods  The participants of the study were 4 351 permanent residents aged 18 – 64 years in 13 districts/counties of Hunan province. An on-site survey was conducted among the participants using a questionnaire designed for a national surveillance on nutrition and health knowledge in Chinese residents aged 18 – 64 years during April – May 2021. A participant′s awareness on nutrition and health knowledge was assessed according to the total scaled score ( ≥ 75 out of the full score of 100) for the questionnaire′s 20 items on dietary guidelines, food characteristics, nutrition and diseases, food choices, and food safety. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 22.0.
      Results  The mean score of nutrition and health knowledge questionnaire was 62.2 ± 12.4 for the 4 010 participants with eligible responses and 15.0% of the participants were assessed as having the awareness on nutrition and health knowledge. Of the participants, 77.4% reported obtaining nutrition and health knowledge through using mobile applications such as Wechat/MicroBlog/Tiktok/Kuaishou, followed by 53.5% and 43.4% reported obtaining the knowledge from television/radio programs and the communication with family members/relatives/friends. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the participants with following characteristics were more likely to have the awareness on nutrition and health knowledge: being female ( versus male: OR = 1.319, 95%CI: 1.097 – 1.585), living in urban regions (versus living in rural regions: OR = 1.266, 95%CI: 1.044 – 1.536), with the education higher than primary school and below (junior middle school: OR = 2.257, 95%CI: 1.433 – 3.553; senior high school/technical secondary school/technical school education: OR = 3.916, 95%CI: 2.452 – 6.255; junior college/vocational college: OR = 7.859, 95%CI: 4.813 – 12.830; bachelor degree: OR = 11.943, 95%CI = 7.105 – 20.075; master degree or above: OR = 12.813, 95%CI: 3.929 – 41.788), and working in medical institutions (versus in other work units: OR = 1.849, 95%CI: 1.397 – 2.447) .
      Conclusion  The awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge needs to be improved and the awareness is mainly influenced by gender, place of residence, education level and work unit among 18 – 64 years old residents in Hunan province.

     

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