Prevalence and risk factors of dyslipidemia among elderly residents: a cross-sectional survey in two urban districts of Shenyang city, 2021
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摘要:
目的 分析辽宁省沈阳市大东区和铁西区 ≥ 60岁人群血脂异常率及其相关危险因素。 方法 于2021年7 — 12月,采用随机整群抽样方法对沈阳市两城区3 810名 ≥ 60岁常住居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测,调查血脂异常患病现况,利用logistic回归分析相关危险因素。 结果 3 582人完成了相关调查,有效率为94.0%。沈阳市两城区老年人血脂异常检出率为40.4%,女性(44.0%)高于男性(34.9%),差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 29.681,P < 0.001)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,女性(OR = 1.54,95%CI = 1.34~1.78)、文化程度高中及以上(OR = 1.69,95%CI = 1.03~2.77)、高血压(OR = 1.22,95%CI = 1.06~1.40)、肥胖(OR = 1.25,95%CI = 1.01~1.54)和糖尿病(OR = 1.59,95%CI = 1.36~1.86)为血脂异常的危险因素。 结论 沈阳市大东区和铁西区老年人血脂异常检出率较高,应重点关注女性、文化程度高者、高血压、糖尿病和肥胖者。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the prevalence and risk factors of dyslipidemia among residents aged 60 years and above in two urban districts of Shenyang city, Liaoning province. Methods Totally 3 810 permanent residents aged 60 years and above were recruited with random cluster sampling at two urban districts of Shenyang city. Face-to-face questionnaire interview, physical examination and laboratory tests were carried out among the participants during July – December 2021. Multivariate logistic regression model was adopted in analyses on risk factors of dyslipidemia. Results The detection rate of dyslipidemia was 40.4% among 3 582 eligible participants (94.0% of all the respondents) and the detection rate was significantly higher in the female participants than that in the male residents (44.0% vs. 34.9%, χ2 = 29.681; P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the participants with following characteristics were more likely to have dyslipidemia: female gender (odds ratio [OR] = 1.54, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.34 − 1.78), with the education of high school and above (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.03 − 2.77), with history of diseases including hypertension (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.06 − 1.40), obesity (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.01 − 1.54) and diabetes (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.36 − 1.86). Conclusion The prevalence of dyslipidemia is high among the elderly residents in two urban districts of Shenyang city and special attention should be paid to women, people with high education, and patients with hypertension, diabetes and obesity for intervention on dyslipidemia in the population. -
Key words:
- the elderly /
- dyslipidemia /
- prevalence /
- risk factor
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表 1 沈阳市两城区不同特征老年人血脂异常检出率比较
Table 1. Detection rate of dyslipidemia by demographic/lifestyle factors and disease conditions among 3 582 elderly residents in two urban districts of Shenyang city, 2021
特征 调查人数 占比(%) 血脂异常人数 检出率(%) χ2 值 P 值 性别 29.681 < 0.001 女性 2 168 60.52 954 44.00 男性 1 414 39.48 493 34.87 年龄(岁) 9.552 0.049 60~64 827 23.09 328 39.66 65~69 1 508 42.10 592 39.26 70~74 826 23.06 366 44.31 75~79 233 6.50 97 41.63 ≥ 80 188 5.25 64 34.04 家庭年收入(元) 2.532 0.112 < 10 000 24 0.67 7 29.17 10 000~19 999 17 0.47 4 23.53 ≥ 20 000 3 541 98.86 1 436 40.55 文化程度 6.968 0.008 小学及以下 76 2.12 25 32.89 初中 1 872 52.26 726 38.78 高中及以上 1 634 45.62 696 42.59 缺乏运动 2.668 0.102 否 2 427 67.76 958 39.47 是 1 155 32.24 489 42.34 现吸烟 10.119 0.001 否 3 073 85.79 1 274 41.46 是 509 14.21 173 33.99 现饮酒 10.219 0.001 否 2 847 79.48 1 188 41.73 是 735 20.52 259 35.24 高血压 9.295 0.002 否 1 573 43.91 591 37.57 是 2 009 56.09 856 42.61 糖尿病 34.650 < 0.001 否 2 674 74.65 1 005 37.58 是 908 25.35 442 48.68 肥胖 6.959 0.008 否 3 175 88.64 1 258 39.62 是 407 11.36 189 46.44 饮食习惯 3.137 0.208 荤素均衡 613 17.11 267 39.82 多食肉类 249 6.95 97 43.56 素食为主 2 720 75.94 1 083 38.96 表 2 沈阳市两城区不同性别、年龄别老年人血脂异常检出情况
Table 2. Age group-specific detection rate of dyslipidemia by gender among 3 582 elderly residents in two urban districts of Shenyang city, 2021
年龄(岁) 男性 女性 χ2 值 P 值 例数 检出率(%) 例数 检出率(%) 60~64 96 33.80 232 42.73 6.204 0.013 65~69 202 33.72 390 42.90 12.764 < 0.001 70~74 132 37.82 234 49.06 10.308 0.001 75~79 36 38.30 61 43.88 0.720 0.396 ≥ 80 27 30.68 37 37.00 0.832 0.362 χ2趋势值 0.209 0.162 P值 0.648 0.687 表 3 老年人血脂异常影响因素多因素logistic回归分析
Table 3. Associates of gender, education, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity with dyslipidemia risk: multivariate logistic regression analysis on the data from 3 582 elderly residents in two urban districts of Shenyang city
变量 对照组 β 标准误 Wald χ2 值 P 值 OR 值 95%CI 性别 女性 男性 0.434 0.072 36.308 < 0.001 1.54 1.34~1.78 文化程度 初中 小学及以下 0.343 0.252 1.849 0.174 1.41 0.86~2.31 高中及以上 0.525 0.253 4.305 0.038 1.69 1.03~2.77 高血压 是 否 0.197 0.071 7.668 0.006 1.22 1.06~1.40 糖尿病 是 否 0.463 0.079 35.731 < 0.001 1.59 1.36~1.86 肥胖 是 否 0.224 0.108 4.309 0.038 1.25 1.01~1.54 -
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