Objective  To examine the prevalence and associates of influenza vaccination among adult community residents in urban and rural Anhui province.

  Methods  With stratified multistage sampling and a self-designed question-naire, we conducted an on-site self-administered survey with interviewer assistance among 978 residents aged 16 years and older in 8 urban and rural communities of Anhui province during July – December 2021. The participants′ information on demographics, influenza vaccination in past one year, cognition about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, and history of COVID-19 vaccination were collected and analyzed using χ² test; multivariate analysis was adopted to explore influencing factors of influenza vaccination.

  Results   Among the 833 participants with valid responses, 232 (27.85%, 95% confidence interval 95%CI: 24.73 – 31.14%) reported receiving influenza vaccination in past one year. Of the participants not receiving influenza vaccination, 57.57% reported being unaware of influenza vaccination. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the participants with following characteristics were more likely to receive influenza vaccination: male gender (odds ratio OR = 1.43, 95%CI: 1.01 – 2.04), with the education of junior high school and above (OR = 1.81, 95%CI: 1.03 – 3.17), with a higher self-rated risk of COVID-19 infection (OR = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.02 – 2.20), ever receiving COVID-19 vaccination (OR = 9.20, 95%CI: 3.28 – 25.80), and being satisfied with community-based measures for prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic (OR = 1.61, 95%CI: 1.06 – 2.47).

  Conclusion  The acceptance of influenza vaccination is mainly influenced by gender, education, knowledge about COVID-19 epidemic, and history of COVID-19 vaccination among urban and rural adult community residents in Anhui province.