Social support and its influencing factors among grassroots medical staff: an online cross-sectional survey in Zhejiang province
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摘要:
目的 了解浙江省基层医疗机构医务人员社会支持现状及影响因素,为基层医疗机构管理者制定干预措施提供依据。 方法 于2022年12月 — 2023年1月,在浙江省每个地市中随机抽取1个县(市、区),采用方便抽样方法,在其辖区乡镇(街道)卫生院的医务人员中开展问卷调查,共2122名基层医务人员参与调查。采用多元线性回归分析基层医疗机构医务人员社会支持的影响因素。 结果 共回收有效问卷共1803份。浙江省基层医疗机构医务人员的社会支持总分为(40.17 ± 8.49)分,主观支持评分为(23.18 ± 5.34)分,客观支持评分为(9.48 ± 3.09)分,对支持的利用度评分为(7.51 ± 1.98)分。多元线性回归分析显示,工作年限、每日睡眠时间、年收入和婚姻状况是影响基层医务人员社会支持、主观支持和客观支持的因素(P < 0.05)。性别、每日睡眠时间、年收入、婚姻状况是影响基层医务人员对支持利用度的因素(P < 0.05)。 结论 需重点关注工作年限3~15年、未婚、每日睡眠时间 < 7 h、年收入 < 10万元基层医务人员的社会支持,同时增强男性基层医务人员对支持的利用度。 Abstract:Objective To study social support and its influencing factors among grassroots medical staff in Zhejiang province for developing relevant interventions. Methods An online anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 122 conveniently recruited frontline medical staff in community health centers/township hospitals in 11 prefectures across Zhejiang province from December 2022 to January 2023. The Social Support Scale (SSRS) developed by Chinese researchers was used in the survey. Multivariate linear regression was adopted to analyze influencing factors of social support in the participants. Results For the 1 803 participants with valid responses, the total score of social support was 40.17 ± 8.49, with the subjective support score of 23.18 ± 5.34, objective support score of 9.48 ± 3.09, and social support utilization score of 7.51 ± 1.98. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that for the grassroots medical personnel, work years, daily sleep time, annual income, and marital status were significant influencing factors of general, subjective, and objective social support (all P < 0.05) and gender, daily sleep time, annual income, and marital status were significant factors affecting the utilization of social support (P < 0.05 for all). Conclusion The perceived social support is generally good but the support is not effectively utilized among grassroots medical staff in Zhejiang province. Special attention should be paid to the social support for the staff having been working for 3 – 15 years, being unmarried, having daily sleep time of less than 7 hours, and with an annual income of less than 100 000 Chinese Yuan and to the utilization of social support in the male staff. -
Key words:
- grassroots medical staff /
- social support /
- Zhejiang province
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表 1 浙江省基层医务人员社会支持影响因素单因素分析($\bar x \pm s$,分)
Table 1. Scores ($\bar x \pm s$) for total, dimensional, and utilization of social support by gender, age, education, professional title, working years, daily sleep time, work type, annual income, and marital status among grassroots medical workers in Zhejiang province, China
特征 人数 构成比(%) 社会支持总分 主观支持得分 客观支持得分 对支持的利用度得分 性别 男性 403 22.35 40.42 ± 9.36 23.58 ± 5.66 9.63 ± 3.41 7.20 ± 2.17 女性 1400 77.65 40.10 ± 8.22 23.07 ± 5.24 9.43 ± 2.99 7.60 ± 1.91 t 值 0.658 1.703 1.149 – 3.576 P 值 0.511 0.089 0.251 < 0.001 年龄(岁) 18~30 570 31.61 36.98 ± 8.59 20.98 ± 5.41 8.61 ± 2.95 7.4 ± 2.08 31~40 530 29.40 40.52 ± 8.03 23.49 ± 5.07 9.48 ± 2.96 7.55 ± 1.81 41~50 548 30.39 42.49 ± 7.72 24.69 ± 4.76 10.16 ± 2.99 7.64 ± 1.97 51~60 155 8.60 42.55 ± 8.63 24.94 ± 5.22 10.26 ± 3.55 7.35 ± 2.14 F 值 48.294 58.159 28.607 1.830 P 值 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.140 学历 高中及以下 132 7.32 40.99 ± 8.63 24.07 ± 5.6 9.79 ± 3.1 7.14 ± 2.19 大专 468 25.96 39.64 ± 8.48 22.78 ± 5.54 9.23 ± 2.9 7.63 ± 2 本科及以上 1203 66.72 40.29 ± 8.47 23.25 ± 5.22 9.54 ± 3.15 7.51 ± 1.94 F 值 1.662 3.252 3.147 3.226 P 值 0.190 0.039 0.048 0.040 职称 无职称 197 10.93 37.94 ± 8.79 21.85 ± 5.67 8.7 ± 3.07 7.4 ± 1.97 初级 897 49.75 39.31 ± 8.57 22.67 ± 5.52 9.23 ± 3.02 7.41 ± 2 中级 564 31.28 41.55 ± 7.78 24.09 ± 4.76 9.8 ± 2.97 7.65 ± 1.95 高级 145 8.04 43.2 ± 8.69 24.64 ± 5.02 10.77 ± 3.46 7.79 ± 1.93 F 值 19.253 16.265 17.035 3.022 P 值 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.029 工作年限(年) < 3 215 11.92 35.33 ± 8.64 19.67 ± 5.21 8.24 ± 2.92 7.41 ± 2.11 3~10 526 29.17 38.56 ± 8.17 22.15 ± 5.32 8.95 ± 2.85 7.46 ± 1.98 11~15 313 17.36 40.92 ± 8.27 23.83 ± 5.06 9.5 ± 3.07 7.59 ± 1.79 > 15 749 41.54 42.39 ± 7.94 24.65 ± 4.87 10.19 ± 3.12 7.55 ± 2.02 F 值 51.448 63.983 31.480 0.537 P 值 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.657 每日睡眠时间(h) < 6 167 9.26 37.52 ± 9.43 21.86 ± 5.67 8.85 ± 3.38 6.81 ± 2.08 6~7 578 32.06 38.9 ± 8.62 22.52 ± 5.44 9.11 ± 3.14 7.27 ± 1.92 7~8 654 36.27 40.59 ± 7.97 23.3 ± 5.16 9.67 ± 2.96 7.62 ± 1.88 > 8 404 22.41 42.42 ± 8.11 24.49 ± 5.06 9.95 ± 3 7.98 ± 2.03 F 值 20.372 14.934 9.208 18.452 P 值 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 工作类别 临床医生 728 40.38 40.44 ± 8.93 23.34 ± 5.56 9.63 ± 3.26 7.47 ± 2.05 护理人员 532 29.51 39.96 ± 8.19 23.05 ± 5.36 9.31 ± 2.84 7.6 ± 1.95 检验人员 78 4.33 40.99 ± 6.96 23.58 ± 4.3 9.71 ± 2.94 7.71 ± 1.67 药剂人员 148 8.21 39.18 ± 8.13 22.71 ± 5.14 9.12 ± 2.95 7.34 ± 1.99 公卫人员 317 17.58 40.19 ± 8.46 23.19 ± 5.1 9.51 ± 3.18 7.49 ± 1.91 F 值 0.951 0.631 1.426 0.792 P 值 0.433 0.640 0.223 0.530 年收入(万) < 10 942 52.25 38.86 ± 8.44 22.47 ± 5.41 9.07 ± 2.98 7.31 ± 1.99 10~15 758 42.04 41.56 ± 8.34 23.95 ± 5.12 9.88 ± 3.15 7.74 ± 1.95 16~20 84 4.66 41.93 ± 7.93 24.17 ± 5.16 10.04 ± 2.99 7.73 ± 1.95 > 20 19 1.05 42.37 ± 9.32 23.74 ± 6.26 11.05 ± 3.61 7.58 ± 1.57 F 值 16.342 11.954 12.352 7.039 P 值 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 婚姻状况 未婚 384 21.30 34.15 ± 7.83 19.08 ± 4.87 7.8 ± 2.7 7.27 ± 1.97 已婚 1369 75.93 42 ± 7.82 24.39 ± 4.86 10.01 ± 3 7.59 ± 1.98 离异 50 2.77 36.5 ± 8.55 21.56 ± 5.23 7.74 ± 3.22 7.2 ± 1.9 F 值 155.605 181.067 93.229 4.707 P 值 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.009 表 2 浙江省基层医务人员社会支持的多元线性分析
Table 2. Correlations of gender, age, education, professional title, working years, daily sleep time, work type, annual income, and marital status with scores for total, dimensional, and utilization of social support among grassroots medical staff in Zhejiang province, China: multivariate linear analysis
变量 参照组 社会支持总分 主观支持 客观支持 对支持的利用度 β $S_{\bar x}$ t 值 P 值 β $S_{\bar x}$ t 值 P 值 β $S_{\bar x}$ t 值 P 值 β $S_{\bar x}$ t 值 P 值 年龄 0.006 0.039 0.157 0.875 0.016 0.026 0.631 0.528 – 0.001 0.016 – 0.095 0.924 性别 男性 0.324 0.109 2.979 0.003 学历 大专 高中及以下 – 0.078 0.468 – 0.167 0.867 – 0.202 0.286 – 0.708 0.479 0.381 0.185 2.064 0.039 本科及以上 – 0.081 0.469 – 0.172 0.864 – 0.146 0.286 – 0.510 0.610 0.168 0.178 0.945 0.345 职称 无职称 高级 0.219 0.895 0.245 0.806 0.846 0.590 1.435 0.151 – 0.461 0.360 – 1.282 0.200 – 0.119 0.227 – 0.524 0.600 初级 – 0.935 0.749 – 1.248 0.212 – 0.050 0.486 – 0.102 0.919 – 0.581 0.296 – 1.960 0.052 – 0.284 0.184 – 1.547 0.122 中级 – 1.067 0.711 – 1.500 0.134 – 0.298 0.449 – 0.664 0.507 – 0.691 0.274 – 2.524 0.012 – 0.087 0.179 – 0.486 0.627 工作年限(年) < 3 > 15 – 1.275 1.063 – 1.199 0.231 – 1.216 0.668 – 1.819 0.069 – 0.246 0.408 – 0.604 0.546 3~10 – 1.856 0.750 – 2.472 0.014 – 1.168 0.472 – 2.473 0.013 – 0.645 0.288 – 2.241 0.025 11~15 – 1.677 0.591 – 2.839 0.005 – 0.926 0.372 – 2.490 0.013 – 0.691 0.227 – 3.044 0.002 每日睡眠时间(h) 6~7 < 6 1.576 0.650 2.424 0.015 0.806 0.408 1.975 0.048 0.270 0.249 1.082 0.279 0.486 0.166 2.927 0.003 7~8 3.799 0.646 5.884 < 0.001 1.993 0.406 4.912 < 0.001 0.959 0.248 3.875 < 0.001 0.825 0.164 5.015 < 0.001 > 8 5.553 0.688 8.066 < 0.001 3.118 0.434 7.185 < 0.001 1.232 0.265 4.655 < 0.001 1.178 0.175 6.728 < 0.001 年收入(万) 10~15 < 10 1.368 0.393 3.478 0.001 0.592 0.252 2.353 0.019 0.418 0.154 2.722 0.007 0.388 0.101 3.822 < 0.001 16~20 0.957 0.845 1.133 0.257 0.284 0.533 0.533 0.594 0.312 0.325 0.959 0.338 0.442 0.217 2.034 0.042 > 20 0.824 1.703 0.484 0.628 – 0.103 1.070 – 0.096 0.923 0.799 0.653 1.224 0.221 0.253 0.437 0.578 0.563 婚姻 已婚 未婚 7.404 0.597 12.412 < 0.001 4.868 0.375 12.967 < 0.001 2.076 0.229 9.062 < 0.001 0.290 0.122 2.370 0.018 离异 2.318 1.208 1.919 0.055 2.269 0.759 2.991 0.003 – 0.101 0.463 – 0.218 0.827 – 0.096 0.290 – 0.330 0.742 常数项 32.303 1.997 16.174 < 0.001 17.630 1.475 11.950 < 0.001 8.107 0.900 9.007 < 0.001 6.131 0.316 19.402 < 0.001 -
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