Abstract: This paper adopted 2×2 factor factorial design principle to study the antioxidation ability of the women with iodine deficiency(ID) and smoke inhalation(SI) aged from 20 to 40.The results showed that the joint action effects of ID and SI made glutathione peroxydase(GSH Px) activities(85.1×13.38u/min·pro) and superoxide disputes activities(2199.4×174.02nu/mg·pro)were decreased,serum lipid peroxide(LPO) contents(5.35×1.44nmol/ml) and thyroid's volum were increased (P_av<0.01);SI factor's effect to thyroid's volume and ID factor's effect on the increasing of LPO contents,urinary iodine and thyroid's volume didn't show.It was postulated that smoke inhalation can effect smokers',and enhance thyroid's peroxidate injury,it was more important to forbid people from smoking in iodine dificiency areas.