Abstract: Objective To investigate of soures of lead absorption and the effects of lead exposure on preschool children's behavior.Methods　Environmental specimens,such as air,soil and drinking water,as well as hand dust and blood samples were collected and measured for their lead levels in town kindergartens,behavior problems of 307 preschool children aged 4-6 years were investigated with Achenbach child Behavior checklist(CBCL),the relationships were analyzed among the specimens lead contents,blood lead levels and behavior,pearson correlation and multiple regression were performed by SPSS/pc+soft.Results　The lead contents of air,soil,hand dust and blood lead levels in research group were much significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05),hand dust lead contents were signincantly correlated positively with blood levels(r=0.308 4,P<0.05).Most of lead was uptaken from the soil by finger-mouth contact.;Ext scores of CBCL and the incidence rate of problem in research group were much significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05),Bpb correlated in positive to the scores for Hyperactivity,Disabedience and Attack even if adjusted for the potential confounding factors.Conclusion　It was obvious that lead exposure could cause adverse effects on preshool children's neurobehavior in Tai Yuan city.