Abstract: Objective To explore the risk factors and safety factors of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer.Methods A case-control study of 1:3 was designed to obtain the data of 120 cases of exophageal cancer or gastric cancer and 360 controls.To found logistic regression model.Results The resutls of analysis of simple factors showed risk factors were below:smoking,drinking wine,liking eating acid vegetables,liking to eat peppery food,sick,swallow hard,black stool,poor and occult blood bead detector.Culture level and liking to eat fruit were safety factors.The resutls of analysis of complex factors showed important risk factors:swallow hard,occult blood bead deterctor,history of drinking wine,black stool and smoking apprenticeship.Conclusions It could reduce incidence of esophageal cancer and gastric cancer to change bad diet manner,to eat fresh vegetables and fruit often,to screen risk crowd who were sick,swallow hard,black stool,poor and occult blood bead detector.