Abstract: Objective To understand the risk factors of vertebral fracture in the middle aged and the elderly in China to provide bases data for the prevention and treatment of vertebral fracture.Methods Lateral spine films,bone mineral destiny was measured and questionnaire was surveyed from 5 103 people aged above 50 years old in five administrative areas in China,by the stratified multi steps cluster sampling method.About 140 variables were analyzed by the non conditional logistic regression to obtain OR of all kints of risk factors.Results The common risk factors for men and women were age(OR=1.03～1.07).The common protective factors for men and women were intake of calcium(OR=0.62～0.80)and high bone mineral density(OR=0.00～0.15);Some statistically significant correlation existed in men,for example,risk factors of brain vascular diseases,high intake of salted food and protective factors of residence for sunshine,high intake of wheat powder,high intake of fish and quickly walk;another statistically significant correlation existed in women,for example,risk factors of lying in bed for long time and protective factors of height when young,intake of vitamin D and women hormones and right superiority wrist.Conclusion Some common risk factors for vertebral fracture did exist in men and women,but these were some varieties of riak factors in men and women.Thus,the important reference data were provided to the strategy of prevention and treatment on vertebral fracture.