加碘食盐对儿童智力和精神运动功能发育影响

王健辉; 高嵘; 刘羽; 辛玉梅; 王成明; 王久春; 于全福; 舒静波

doi:10.11847/zgggws2005-21-09-17

加碘食盐对儿童智力和精神运动功能发育影响

Influences of universal salt iodization on children's intelligence and psychomotor development

摘要

摘要:
目的了解全民食盐加碘对碘缺乏病区出生儿童智力发育的影响.
方法使用中国联合型瑞文测验津医精神运动功能成套测验分别测定儿童智商和精神运动功能, 测定尿碘、盐碘含量并检查甲状腺肿大情况分析社会、经济、文化因素对智力影响.
结果实施全民食盐加碘后儿童甲状腺肿大率明显下降, 儿童尿碘水平由58.7μg/gcr上升至250.1μg/L.食盐加碘前出生儿童的智商均值为92.4±14.1, 加碘后出生的儿童智商均值为100.8±13.9, 并且全民食盐加碘后出生儿童的低智商比例明显降低, 智商等级向高智商转移; 加碘后出生儿童的智商、精神运动功能和低智商的比例与补碘前出生儿童比较差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05).将儿童的智商与其生活的社会、经济、文化因素进行多元逐步回归分析, R²=0.22.
结论实施全民食盐加碘后, 缺碘性智力损伤已得到有效控制, 儿童脑发育已得到充分的保护.碘缺乏地区儿童在胎儿期的碘营养是决定智力发育的主要因素.而后天环境因素对儿童智力发育的影响有限.

Abstract:
Objective To evaluate children's intelligent and psychomotor dev elopment after implementing universal salt iodization(USI)in areas with iodine deficiency.
Methods Intelligence quotient(IQ)was measured by combined raven's test, second edition(CRT-C2).Psychomotor development was examined by Jinyi Psychomotor Test Battery(JPB).Urine iodine and salt iodine were measured, respectively.Goiter was checked by palpation and ultrosound.
Results Compared with before implementing USI, after implementing USIhad shown:(1)significantly lower goiter rate in children; the concentration of urine iodine was increased from 58.7 μg/gcr to 250.1 μg/l; sig nificantly higher children's IQ(100.8±13.9 and 92.4±14.1);significantly higher Tscore(psychomotor function).Multinomial logistic regression between IQand society, economy, cultur al factor was carried, R²=0.22.
Conclusion After implementing USI, intelligent deficits associated with iodine deficiency have already been controlled, and children's brain dev elopmentheas already got full protection.The envir onment factors after born are limited to influence on the intelligence development.Iodine deficiency during pregnancy is just main factor theat decides the intelligence dev elopment in IDDregions.

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