Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of reproductive tract diseases and the utilization rate of variety of contraception measures among rural fertile women.To study the influence factors upon the prevalence of reproductive diseases and utilizaton rate of contraception measures in order to bring about a baseline for diseases control and family planning service.MethodAstratified-cluster-random sampling was fulfilled according to the economic level of the rural area in Shandong province.Four counties were admitted as samples and the fertile women were surveyed to collect data,which was analyzed by SPSS statistical software.ResultsAt present the contraception method mainly used by fer tile women was still intrauterine device.Women with junio rage or with good education or residing in dev eloped areas of economy were apt to acceptintrauterine ring and condom for contraception,whereas those elder orignorant or those in underdeveloped areas were willing to use sterilization and other methods.Senior wo men were likely to be affected by leiomyoma uteri and other repro ductive tract diseases.The principal diseases in developed areas were vaginitis and other diseases,whereas cervicitis and leiomyoma uteri were prevalentin underdeveloped counties.ConclusionThe contr aception mode for rural fertile women does not changed compared with that for urban fertile wo men.The problem of reproductive health in fertile women is so severe that more attention should be paid in order to optimize the family planning services and to reinforce the control of reproductive tract diseases.