Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate the condition of condom use among rural reproductive-aged women and analyze the reasons of contraceptive failure,so as to improve the effectiveness of condom use and reduce unwanted pregnancies.MethodAcross-sectional study by stratifying cluster sample was carried out from Jan.2002 to Aug.2005 in eight countries of Shandong province.A total of 20 543 reproductive-aged women took partin the survey,through which uniform questionnaire was drafted and face to face interview was used to collect information.A case-control study was adopted to analyze the risk factors of condo muse failure.ResultsOf all contraceptive patterns,the rates for condom use and condom with intrauterine devices(IUD)were 45.1% and 38.1% respectively.The rate of contrauptive failure was 11.2%.The main reasons for condom use failure were that condom was broken,slipped off or not be used irregularly.Condom use failure rate increased in young age group,however it was low among women with regular menstruation or without menstruation complaints.Less pregnancies or no abortion history were negative correlated to condom failure.ConclusionCondom use increased among Shandong rural reproductive-aged women,but questions still occurred in the course of use.Health education should be strengthened to improve the effectiveness of condom use.