Abstract: ObjectiveTo discover the effects of the leptin and TNF-α(tumor necrosis factor-alpha)in the cause of metabolic syndrome.MethodsThe research includes testing on the level of leptin and TNF-αin the blood of residents of a local community,analyzing the cause of metabolic syndrome in relation to leptin and TNF-α through Logistic regression analysis by adjusting age and gender.ResultsThe higher the leptin levels were,the higher risk metabolic syndrome was.The relationship between leptin levels and metabolic syndrome was affected by age and gender.Males were more sensitive to leptin than females.The effect of leptin on metabolic syndrome increased with the age.The lower the level of TNF-α was,the higher risk metabolic syndrome was.The chances for residents with higher level of TNF-α to suffer from disease was 0.538 times of thos with lower level.ConclusionObesity with high level leptin affects metabolic syndrome,especially males obsity.Leptin level can be used as an indicator in predicting metabolic syndrome.This method is especially effective to old male patients.It is necessary to do further research on thd biological mechanism of metabolic syndrome.