Abstract: ObjectiveTo study the knowledge of tuber culosis(TB)prevention and treatment,and its rational factors among farmers in northern Jiangsu province.MethodsFour villages were selected by multistage cluster sampling.There were 1 900 farmers aged less 65,their knowledge,attitude,practice of the rational TB prevention and treatment,and the approach of getting knowledge and the investigation of the state of the illness were investigated.ResultsThe proportion of knoing TB,understanding main symptom,knowing free TB inspection,and the policy of free TB cure was 97.84%,82.36%, 67.53%,68.26%,respectively.41.80% of respo nders knew that people should go to the specific prevention institution.But only 24.58% of subjects knew TB should be considered after coughing for more three weeks.TV(59.47%)and broadcast (45.32%)were also the main appro aches that far mers obtained the knowledge of TB prevention and treatment.The factors of education,listening to the radio,watching TV and receiving related materials may impact on the knowledge of TB prevention and treatment.ConclusionThe farmer's knowledge of TBprevention and treatment is poor.It is necessary to carry out the public health education about TB among the farmers.