Abstract: ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics and regulation in antibiotic use and cost of operation inpatients during hospitalization,and search for the key points about control of antibiotic use to provide basis for it.MethodsDatabase was sorted out with visual FoxPro 6.0.SPSS 11.0 system software was used for statistical analysis.Results(1)60.5% of operation inpatients used antibiotic during hospitalization.The time of use antibiotic was positive skewed distribution.The mean was 11.8 days.(2)The frequency of use general antibiotics of operation inpatients was the first(60.8%).The second was the valuable antibiotics(29.6%).The third was the expensive antibiotics(9.6%),but their cost was 55.2% of total antibiotic cost.(3)The status about combining use antibiotics:the percentage of operation inpatients just used one kind of antibiotics was(38.1%),used two kinds of antibiotics(41.3%),and used three or more kinds of antibiotics(20.6%).The time used two kinds of antibiotics was mainly at operation day and 1~6 days after operation,and used three or more kinds of antibiotics at operation day and 1~2 days after operation.(4)The status of use antibiotics of operation inpatients with different type incisions.The frequency of operation inpatients with Ⅱ and Ⅲ type incision who used valuable and expensive antibio tics were more than those with ⅳ type incision(P=0.000).The different between two groups in the time using antibiotics and combining use antibiotics were not significant(P=0.445,P=0.270).ConclusionThe time and combining of use antibiotics were key control points in using antibiotics process,especially to those operation inpatients with ⅳ type incisions,there was unreasonable in using antibiotics after operation.