Abstract: Objective To explore the impact of genetic and environmemtal factors on essential hypertension(EH)in Mongolian of China.Methods On the basis of prevalence survey,579 Mongolian people,298 hypertensives and 281 normotensives,who had no blood relationship each other,were selected as subjects to conduct case-control study.All the subjects were interviewed with questionnaire and their blood specimens were collected.Renin gene insertion/deletion(REN gene I/D) polyrnorphism.Angiotensin converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion(ACE genel/D)polymorphism were genotyped with polymerase chain reaction(PCR),polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining.Results Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age,BM I,amount of alcohol drunk per day,Renin gene I/D polymorphism were statistically significant factors on essential hypertension(P<0.05).Conclusion Overweight or obesity,over alcohol consumption are risk factors of EH in Mongolian population in China.Renin gene I/D polymorphism D alleles may increase risk of EH in Mongolian population in China.