Abstract: Objective To study menstruation-related conditions among married rural women in child-bearing age and to explore their relationships with marital quality.Methods A total of 1 398 married women under 49 years old were drawn from three counties in Anhui province using convenience cluster sampling.The Olson inventory tailed to local culture via rounds of field piloting,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and Depression Scale,and structured questions on menstruation-related conditions were used in collecting data.The questionnaire was administered by trained interviewers at the responders' house holds.Results 1 221 completed questionnaire were collected.Dysmenorrhea was negatively related with personality issues,conflict resolution and financial management,but the relationship was focused on group of 36~40 year's old.Premenstrual physical symptoms were negatively related with some dimensions of marital quality.The illiteracy group's marriage satisfaction,personality issues and couple communication were all negatively linked to depression symptom(r=-0.366,-0.304 and -0.330,P<0.01).Conclusion Marital quality is closely linked to menstruation-related conditions.