Abstract: Objective To explore the cognitive deficits of Chinese dyslexic children in characters' recognition and words access.Methods 30 children from primary school were selected,including 15 dyslexic children and 15 non-dyslexic children.The tasks of characters' recognition and words access were used.Results Naming task without priming character results showed reaction time of dyslexic children was longer than that of control group〔dyslexia:(2122±0170).control:(1.73 ±0.30)〕and the correct rate(%)of dyslexics was lower.（(dyslexia:(96.00±6.00),control:(100.00±0.00)）.Both of them had significant difference(P<0.05).Lexical decision task without priming character results showed reaction time of dyslexic children was longer than that of control group（dyslexia:(4.81±1.38)control:(3.48±0.55)）.and the correct rate(%)of dyslexics was lower(dyslexia:(91.7±6.5),control:(98.1±2.6)).Both of them had significant difference(P<0.01).When the priming tasks were phonological and semantic,similar results were showed.Conclusion Dyslexic children possessed processing deficits in these two accesses:the first one was from grapheme to meaning;the second one was from grapheme-phonology to meaning.