Abstract: Objective To probe into the self-concept and corresponding factors of pupils and middle school students in the countryside,so as to provide the evidence for education program.Methods 1636 pupils and middle school students were selected by stratified cluster sampling in Chang feng county of Hefei.All subjects were asked to fill in the Children's Selfconcept Scale,Eysenck personality questionnaire and general state questionnaire.Results The average self-concept scores of boys and girls were(51.66±10.50) and(50.59±10.52) respectively,and the score of the boys was significantly higher than that of the girls.The selfconcept score of pupils was (50.74±9.89),and that of the middle school students was (51.42±10.92).There was no significant difference in average self-concept scores,but there were significant differences in body and outward appearance,anxiety,happiness and satisfaction betw een the pupils and the middle school students.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the self-concept of pupils and middle school students was influenced by individual character,father's wor king out of hometown,family harmony and economic status of family,learning scores,friends,relationship with classmates and teachers(P< 0.05).Conclusion The indiv idual character,environment of family and school play important parts in the forming and developing of self-concept of pupils and middle school students in the countryside.