Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in the rural residents of Shandong,to know their awareness of hypertension and diabetes knowledge and their lifestyle.Methods With the cross2section study,20 087 people aged 25 years and above from 8 counties of Shandong province were interviewed face to face.16 388 people accepted medical examination.Results Prevalence of hypertension was 4413%,prevalence of diabetes was 4.3%.Awareness of relation between hypertension and diet structure,smoking,and overweight and obesity were 34.0%,25.6%,37.2% respectively.Awareness of relation between diabetes and diet structure,smoking,and overweight and obesity were 30.8%,20.1%,30.6% respectively.Female,aging people,people with low education level and low income had lower awareness rate.Smoking rate was 32.3%.Conclusion Prevalences of hypertension and diabetes are high in rural residents of Shandong.People's knowledge abouthypertension and diabetes was unsatisfying.It is important to strengthen health education on hypertension and diabetes in rural area.