Abstract: Objective To study the attitude towards self-medication in Chinese urban residents.Methods Questionnaire was designed according Fishbein model and the survey was conducted among the residents selected by stratified random sampling method.Results The maximum score was 48,the minimum was 24,the arithmetic mean was 12.26,and the standard deviation was 10.627.The score of the residents married,the male,the residents with medicare,the residents in the east of China was 12.85±10.799,12.71±10.59,13.03±10.89,13.49±10.39,respectively,which were higher significantly than the score of the residents of unmarried,the female,the residents without medicare,the residents in the middle and west area of China(P<0.05).The result of multiple linear regression showed that the independent variables such as age group,education degree,the heal or getting better of the illness after the self-medication,the satisfaction degree of the self-medication,the efficacy of the self-medication were included in the regression equation.Conclusion The residents married,the male,the residents with medicare,the residents in the east of China inclined to self-medication more than the others.The key influencing factors of the attitude towards self-medication are the heal or getting better of the illness after the selfmedication,the satisfaction degree of self-medication and the efficacy of the self-medication.