Abstract: ObjectiveTo learn the effect and economic benefit of hepatitis B(HB)vaccination and provide basis for middle-long prevention plan for HB.MethodsThe yearly incidence of HB from 1990-2004 and the cost and benefit study were analyzed.ResultsCost benefit study showed that discounted cost was 79 299 043;production benefit was 1 265 454 819 and net benefit was 1 186 155 776.Ratio of cost and benefit was 15.96.Social benefit analysis showed that 25 217 acute HB patients and 12 609 chronic HB patients were prevented from 1993 to 2004.ConclusionHB vaccination has significant economic and social benefit.