Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate serum leptin level and its relationship with in sulin resistance in Mongolian population.MethodsFifty four patients with type 2 diabetesme llitus and 36 healthy controls were studied.Leptin,fasting blood glucose(FBG),fasting insulin(FINS),boby mass index(BMI),blood pressure,blood lipids were measured.Meantime the insulin sensitivity index(ISI)was calculated.ResultsThe serum leptin,FBG,FINS,BMI,triglyceride(TG)were siginficantly higher but ISI and HDLC were siginficantly lower in patiengs with type 2 diabe tesmellitus than those in health controls(P<0.05).The serum leptin was positively correlated with BMI,FINS,TG,TC,but negatively correlated with ISI in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(P<0.05).Multiple regressive analysis revealed that the independent predicting factors affecting ISI were leptin,BMI,FINS(P<0.05).ConclusionIn patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,these rumleptin is siginficantly higher than that in the healthy controls.BMI and leptin resistance is related to in sulin resistance.