Abstract: Objective To explore ther isk factors of traffic injuries among students of middle and primary schools so as to provide measures for injury control.Methods Overall 27175 students from six districts in Shenzhen were selected with multistage stratified cluster sampling.Logistic regression model was used to analyze risk factors.Results The traffic injury incidence was 5.2% with a higher incidence in boys than in girls(χ²=56.000,P=0.000).The incidence in children aged 10.14 was the highest(6.4%).Risk factors for the injuries included gambol on road(OR=2.123),convenience for crosing the road(OR=1.565),road sign judgment(OR=1.558),traffic light identification(OR=1.440),ambulation safety(OR=1.141),number of cross road on the way to school(OR=1.036).Conclusion The occurrence of traffic injuries is influenced by a number of risk factors related to student's cognition,behavior and road environment.Pertinent measure should be adopted to control traffic injuries among the students.