Abstract: Objective To collect useful information for precaution and treamtent of hepatitis B in differentnation a lities students and analyze the reltionship between nationality and HBV infection rate.Methods To tally 4 015 freshmen in 2007 and 5 006 freshmen in 2008 were selected and their blood samples were tested for HBV infection wtih ELISA method.Results The positive rate of HBsAg in the students was 4.59%.The positive rate of the boys was higher than that of the girls with a significant difference(6.22% vs 3.11%,P<0.01).The HBsAg positive rate of Zhuang,She and Yao nationality students was 10.29%,9.13%,and 8.04%,respectively,and was approxmiately one tmie higher than that of Han nationality students(4.5%).There were statistically significant differences in HBsAg positive rate between Han and Zhuang nationality (P<0.01),Han and She nationality(P<0.01),and between Han and Yao(P<0.05),respectively.The positive rate of HBsAg for Hui and Man natonality students was 2.97% and 1.61% respectively,which were lower than that of Han students.The difference between Han and Man nationality studentswas also significant(P<0.05).Conclusion BHV infection rate is different among students of different nationalities.It implies that the environment and sanitation differences might be related with the risk of HBV infection.