Abstract: Objective To understand situation and barriers in carrying out specific population healthcare services in urban community health service centers in China and to provide scientific evidence for the inprovement of basic health institution in China.Methods A survey of 116 community health service centers in 31 provinces and interviews to 50 key figures were conducted.Results Only 12 items (46.3%)of specific population healthcare services were carried out in the connunity health service centers.The percentage of the first, second and third level health service items provided was 62.4%,39.9%,and 25.2% of all items planned, respectively.Conclusion Foun ulating effective incentive mechanism,increasing quantity and enhancing capability of basic level helth personnel, and enlarging government inveshnent in financial and material resources are the key points of inproving spectific population healthcare function in prinary health care facilities in urban China.