Abstract: Objective To describe the prevalence of road traffic in jury(RTI)in Penglaicity and to provide evidence for road traffic injury prevention.Methods Based on the death caused by traffic accidents from death register in Penglaicity during 2006-2007 and the data of a sampling investigation on RTI in 2008,the incidence,propotion of RTI were calculated with Excel tool.Results During 2006-2007,the deaths caused by traffic accidents were 309 with amortality of 34172/100000.The mortality in the males was 4147 times of that in the females.The most of the deaths occured among the group of 15-59 years old.The motorcyc lists were the most among the deaths.There were 5017 person-times non-fatal injuries and the incidence rate was 0.56%.The incidence in the male was 2.17 times higher than that of in the female.The non-fatal in juries happened mainly among the group of 15-59 years old.The injury cases caused by two-wheel motorcycle were the most.The non-fatal injuries happened frequently in March,August and October,and at 8:00 am and 10:00 am in a day.There were 5325 in juries caused by road traffic accidents during 2006-2007,and the incidence rate was 0.60%.The incidence was higher for male than for female.The incidence was the highest for males aged 15-59.The incidence of non-fatal injury was 16.24 times higher than that of fatal injury.Motorcycle riders were among the the most of the wounded.Conclusion Motorcycle accidentis the most frequent cause of road traffic injury in Penglaicity.Local government should streng then the management on traffic safety,and the priority should be given to mototcycle administration.