Abstract: Objective To understand the prevalence and treatment of social phobia among urban and rural adults in Liaoning province.Methods Totally 13 358 residents aged 18-65 years were randomly selected from 3 cities and 3 counties withs tratified multi-stage cluster sampling.The subjects were assessed with a face-to-face interview and Composite International Diagnostic Interview-1.0(CIDI-1.0).The DSMⅢ-R diagnosis of social phobia was made with CIDI 1.0 software.Results The adjusted lifetime,12-months,and 2 weeks prevalence of social phobia were 1.29%,0.81%,and 0.46%,respectively.The lifetime prevalence was significantly higher in the females(odds ratio=1.43,95% confidence interval=1.05-1.95)than in the males,and decreased with the increment of education and income level.Of all patients 89.4% did not receive any treatment for social phobia.Conclusion Social phobia is a commonmental disorder among adult residents in Liaoning province.Comprehensive measures are needed to improve the levels of knowledge,diagnosis and treatment of the disorder.