Abstract: Objective To investigate sleep quality and it's influencing factors among the rural elderly with hypertension in Anhui province.Methods With stratified sampling,a face-to-face interviewas conducted among 1 110 hypertension patients from 1 700 elderly respondents.A Chinese version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale and a selfcompliled scaleere used to collect related information.Results Among the subjects,the average PSQI scoreas 7.65±3.91 and 474 cases (42.7%) had bad sleep quality.New hypertension cases had higher PSQI score and bad sleep quality than casestih long hypertension history (χ²=15.742,P=0.000; t=4.743,P=0.000).The hypertensivesith abnormal blood pressure control had a higher prevalence of bad sleep quality and higher PSQI score than those ofith normal control (χ²=4.545,P=0.033; t=2.411,P=0.016).Prevalence rate of bad sleep quality and PSQI scoreere significantly different betw een the elderly peopleith different blood pressure level.(χ²=24.054,P=0.000; F=8.507,P=0.000).Results of multiple stepwise regression indicated that the risk factors for bad sleep qualityere female,aged ≥70 years,peasant,having personal income,grade 2 hypertension,with coronary heart disease history,with stomach disease history,andith trachitis history.Conclusion The sleep quality of the rural elderlyith hypertension is not good and improving sleep quality is an effectiveay to increase the quality of life for the elderlyith hypertention.