Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effect of production assistance project(PAP) on HIV infected persons/AIDS patients in three pilot counties in southern Shaanxi province for the improvement of countermeasures for AIDS.Methods Questionnaire survey and interview were conducted among all HIV infected persons/AIDS patients (19 persons from 18 households) in the three pilot counties and 73 relevant government officials.Results Among all HIV infected persons/AIDS patients surveyed,58% (8 households) of their familial incomes came from the PAP and all of the income from PAP for one household.The income of HIV infected persons/AIDS patients was increased by 80.78% after the implementation of the PAP.For families participating in the PAP,88.89% were satisfied with the project.In 10 dimensions of the Life Quality Scale,scores of 7 dimensions for the participants were higher than those of non-pariticipants,and the total scores of physical health and mental health were 8.94 and 11.42 points highter than those of non-pariticipants(P< 0.05).Conclusion The PAP improves the economic situation and life quality of HIV infected persons/AIDS patients.The development of the PAP is unbalanced among the three pilot counties.