Abstract: Objective To study the effect of anti-HIV treatment and status of drug-resistance among HIV/AIDS patients.Methods Whole blood samples were collected from HIV infected persons with or without anti-HIV treatment and AIDS patients.The absolute number of CD4⁺ T lymphocyte and virus load of the subjects were detected.The virus RNA was amplified with nested-PCR and then sequenced.The drug resistance of HIV-1 strains isolated were obtained by comparison with Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database.Results Forty-two sequences of pol gene were obtained.Drug resistance to PIs was detected,including 8 potential resistance and 2 intermediate resistance,in HIV infected persons without treatment.Drug resistance to NRTIs was detected,including 4 high-level resistance,and to NNRTIs was detected,including 5 high-level resistance,in AIDS patients.The mean value of absolute number of CD4⁺ T lymphocyte was 314±28/μL,with the lowest of 14/μL and the highest of 1 060/μL.Conclusion Most of HIV/AIDS patients are susceptible to the anti-HIV drug at present and a good treatment effect is achieved.