Abstract: Objective To examine the prevalence and associated risk factors of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection in drug users with methadone maintenance treatment(MMT) and to provide scientific evidence for AIDS prevention strategy among intravenus drug users(IDUs) in Henna province.Methods Information on behavior and serological test were collected among 836 IDUs with MMT in Henan province to explore the risk factors of HIV,HCV infection.Results The prevalence of HIV infection among the IDUs was 1.44% (12/836) and the HCV infection rate was 3.83% (32/836),with a HIV/HCV co-infection rate of 0.8% (7/836).Risk factors of HIV,HCV infection included nationality,drug use,means of drug use,and needle sharing.Conclusion IDUs are susceptible population of HIV,HCV infection and there are various risk factors lead to HIV transmission.Methadone maintenance treatment is an effective measure to control high risk behaviors in IDUs and AIDs transmission in the population.