Abstract: Objective To assess the effect of Rana japonica oil compound granules on the ability of learning/memory of the rats exposed to microw ave radiation under hypergravity environment.Methods The model of Wistar rats under synergistic effect of hypergravity environment and microwave radiation was established and the rats were intervened with Rana japonica oil compound granules for 14 days.Morris water maze was used to detect the ability of learning and memory of the rats and the expression of heat shock protein 70(HSP70) in the cortex of the rats were determined with western blot.Results Compared with blank control group,the escape latency of the rats in model group was significantly prolonged from 12.03±1.85 seconds to 32.54±5.75 seconds(P< 0.05) and the number of finding the platform was decreased remarkably from 6.45±1.35 per minute to 2.16±1.02 per minute(P< 0.05).The expression of HSP70 in the cortex increased significantly (P< 0.05) and significantly decreased in compound granules protection group before hypergravity and radiation treatment (P< 0.05).Compared with the model group,the escape latency was shortened to 13.88±5.93 seconds (P< 0.05) and the number of finding the platform increased to 5.91±1.53 per minute(P< 0.05) in compound granules protection group before hypergravity and radiation treatment.Conclusion Rana japonnica oil compound granules can facilitate spatial learning and memory of the rats exposed to microwave radiation under hypergravity environment through reducing the expression of HSP70 in the cortex.