Abstract: Objective To explore risk factors of colorectal cancer among young Chinese people and to provide reference for further research.Methods A hospital-based 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted among young patients aged ≤35 years with colorectal cancer.Conditional logistic regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses.Results The number of male pairs was 88 and that of female pairs was 64.The average age of cases was 28.62±3.56 years and that of controls was 30.27±2.84 years,without significant difference.The anatomic type of the cases included rectum cancer(73) and colon cancer(79) and the pathologic type included adenocarcinoma(86),mucinous adenocarcinoma(38),signet ring cell cancer(17),and undifferentiated carcinoma(11).The results of multivariate analyses showed that the odds ratios of bowel polyps,immediate family history of cancer,chronic colorectitis,psychic attack,eating animal oil frequently,and eating animal foods frequently were 8.752,6.370,5.249,5.016,3.458 and 2.967,respectively.The odds ratios of taking exercise frequently and eating vegetable frequently were 0.384 and 0.650.Conclusion Bowel polyps,immediate family history of cancer,chronic colorectitis,psychic attack,eating animal oil frequently,and eating animal foods frequently may be the risk factors of colorectal cancer,while taking exercise frequently and eating vegetable frequently may be the protective factors among young Chinese people.