Abstract: ObjectiveTo analyze the condom use and its influence factors among men who have sex with men (MSM)in Shandong province and to provide scientific evidence for making specific behavioral intervention.MethodsFace-to-face anonymous questionnaire survey was implemented in 3 086 MSM in 2010.Serum samples were collected and antibodies of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and syphilis were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)and western blotting.ResultsDuring the past half year,73.0% (2 254/3 086)of the MSM had anal intercourse with men and 32.4% of them used condom persistently.Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the independent influence factors of risk sex behavior were small venues(bathroom,sauna shop,pedicure shop,massage parlors,and park/toilet/grass),older age,and living longer in a local place;higher level of education was independent factor enhancing persistent condom use.Besides,22.8% (701/3 086)of MSM had sex with women and 22.9% (161/704)of them used condom persistently.The independent factors increasing the risk sex behavior were small venues and net recruiting,older age,living longer in a local place,and foreign census register;unmarried was an independent factor enhancing persistent condom use.ConclusionThe rate of condom use is low and venues,marriage,age,education level,time of living in local place,and census register are main influence factors of using condom among MSM in Shandong province.