Abstract: ObjectiveTo study the influencing factors of hospital delivery in remote and poor mountain areas and to provide basis for promotion of maternal hospital delivery in the remote and poor mountainous areas. MethodsA case-control study was carried out in 222 pregnant wome from remote,impoverished mountain areas and without hospital delivery during 2010-2011 and 217 residential place,year of delivery,and ethnic group-matched controls with hospital delivery.Information on influencing factors of hospital delivery were collected with a face-to-face questionnaire survey. ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analysis showed that having first child of non-hospital delivery,the number of prenatal examination,husband's decision for delivery site,with female village doctor in the village,knowledge about maternal health care,examination results of AIDS,syphilis and hepatitis B,and the cost of hospital delivery were main factors affecting the hospital delivery.The direct cause of non-hospital delivery included without enough time because of preterm delivery(47.72%),far distance from the hospital and difficulty in transportation(14.72%),economic difficulty(12.18%),and thinking of no necessity for hospital delivery because of good health condition(10.15%).The top three birth attendants of non-hospitalized delivery were family member(60.8%),midwife(15.8%),and village doctor(13.5%). ConclusionThe influencing factors of hospital delivery involve health education and health promotion,social mobilization,antenatal care,and transfer of treatment.Comprehensive intervention should be carried out to increase hospital delivery rate in remote mountain area.