Abstract: Objective To examine sleep quality and its related factors among the elderly people in Kelamayi in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Xingjiang).Methods In this cross-sectional study, 2 213 residents aged 65 years or over were selected and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)questionnaire was used to evaluate sleep disorders among the elderlies.Results The average PSQI score was 7.27±0.46 and the overall prevalence of all kinds of sleep disorders was 48.5%.The PSQI score of the femels(7.73±3.68)was higher than that of the males(6.68±3.42);the PSQI score of the older elderly(7.25±3.21)was higher than that of the younger elderly(6.73±2.34);the elderlies living in rural areas had a higher PSQI score(7.54±0.78)than those in the urban(6.92±3.13);the elderlies with low educational level had a higher PSQI score(7.76±3.24)than those with higher education(6.41±2.75);the single elderlies had a higher PSQI score(7.27±3.13)than married elderlies(6.31±2.15);the elderlies with disease had a higher PSQI score(7.76±2.43)than the healthy elderlies(6.54±3.12).The differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression showed that living in rural area(odds ratio OR=1.690), with lower educational level(OR=1.572), with physical illness(OR=2.870)were risk factors for sleep disorder(all P<0.05), whereas at younger age(OR=0.623)and married(OR=0.623)were protective factors(all P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of sleep disorders among the elderlies in Kelamayi of Xingjiang is relatively high and may be associated with age, living environment, educational background, marriage status, and physical status.