Abstract: Objective To establish a public emergency preparedness evaluation scale and to evaluate its reliability and validity.Methods The structure of the public emergency preparedness evaluation scale was formed by literature analyses, questionnaire survey and interview among the public in Harbin city.Totally 468 public figures were investigated with the public emergency preparedness evaluation scale developed.The data were analyzed with project analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability and validity tests.Results The public emergency preparedness evaluation scale was established with six factors including risk awareness, risk judgment, emergency cognitive, emergency psychology, emergency attitude, and emergency preparedness actions.The reliability and validity of the scale were satisfactory, with a cumulative contribution rate of 63.378%, a coefficient of stability of 0.818, and a coefficient of split-half reliability of 0.884.The content validities were from 0.389-0.734.Conclusion The public emergency preparedness evaluation scale was developed and the structure of the scale was reasonable.