Abstract: Objective To examine public health service needs and their related factors among rural residents in Hebei province,and to provide a basis for making relevant policies.Methods With random stratified sampling and survey with a self-designed questionnaire about public health service need,847 rural residents were selected and investigated.Results The need for vaccination service ranked the highest(95.87%),followed by medical service(87.96%);the need for toilet improvement and garbage treatment was the lowest (61.75%).The results of Chi-square test showed that the public health service needs were significantly different among the residents of different gender,age,educational level,monthly income,marital quality,and chronic disease history(P<0.05).Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that female gender (odds ratioOR=1.476,P=0.004)and at age of 45-59 years(OR=3.262，P=0.000)were protective predictors of public health service needs among the residents(P<0.05).Conclusion The public health service need among rural residents in Hebei province is at a high level.The public health agencies should make health service policies according to populations of different gender and age.