Abstract: Objective To examine current situation and influence factors of smoking among adult rural residents in Tonghai county,Yunnan province and to provide reference for making relevant strategies.Methods With stratified cluster random sampling,4 047 rural residents aged 18 years and older were chosen and surveyed with a questionnaire.Results The smoking rate among the residents was 33.7%(76.1% for male and 0.9% for female);the average age of initial smoking was 17.72 years,and the average duration of smoking was 29.45 years.Being female and Hui nationality were protective factors for smoking,while being male,Yi nationality,and alcohol drinking were risk factors for smoking.Conclusion The smoking rate is high among male adult rural residents in Tonghai county and gender,nationality and alcohol drinking are major influencing factors for smoking in the residents.