Abstract: Objective To investigate the prevalence of psychoactive drug abuse among middle school students in Guangdong province and to provide evidences for the management of psychoactive drugs.Methods A total of 21 449 students from 12 schools were recruited with three-stage cluster sampling.Results Among all the respondents,10.37% reported psychoactive drugs use without medical purposes,and the abuse rate showed a significant difference among schools(P<0.001).Among the students,4.5% reported the usage of compound liquorice tablet at any time;1.56% and 0.97% reported the usage of Akafen powder during previous 12 months and 30 days.Among the students reporting history of psychoactive drug use,65.03% used the drugs firstly at the time of first year into or before entering the high school;38.29%got the drugs they used from home and 38.29% used the drugs for releasing the pressure.Conclusion Psychoactive drug use for non-medical purpose is prevalent and compound liquorice tablet and Akafen powder are most frequently used drugs among middle school students in Guangdong province.