Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence and risk factors of injury among rural school-age children in Hanchuan city in Hubei province and to provide a basis for making intervention measures.MethodsTotally 1 828 school children of grade 3-5 in primary schools and grade 7-8 in secondary schools were selected by using stratified cluster random sampling and surveyed with a self-designed questionnaire.ResultsThe incidence of injury among the children was 20.1%.Falling down(42.93%)was the most common type of injuries.Home(33.15%),road(27.45%),and school(18.1%,)were the top three places of the injury events.The limbs were the most common position of the injuries(75.27%).May,June and July were the top three months with the higher injury incidence.Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that major risk factors for the injuries were male gender,with poor physical condition,having injury history,with the history of involved in fight,and with pet animals at home or in neighborhood environment,whereas the protective factors were at the age of 12-13 years,with a caregiver aged ≤30 years,and with a caregiver not taking the care of small children.ConclusionThe incidence of injury among rural school-age children in Hanchuan city was high.The injury incidence was related not only with the children themselves and their family,but also with their social living status and surrounding environment.