Abstract: Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)is a group of serine/threonine protein kinases which is widely distributed within the cytoplasm.In eukaryotic cells,there are 4 parallel signal transduction pathways,namely extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2)pathway,c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)and(or)stress-activated protein kinase(SAPK)pathway,p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK)pathway,and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5(ERK5)/big mitogen-activated protein kinase1(BMKl)pathway.In recent years,many studies have found that MAPK signaling pathway has a close relationship with the occurrence and renovation of nervous system damage.ERK1/2 and p38 phosphorylated activate rapidly in the region of nerve damage,reducing the impact on the body caused by nerve damage;phosphorylated JNK gathers at the site of nerve injury and promotes neuronal apoptosis,aggravating the process of nerve injury occurred.ERK5 is an indispensable signaling protein of cell proliferation and differentiation,embryonic development and organogenesis,and phosphorylated ERK5 promotes neuronal survival of nerve cell by stimulating the expression of insulin.In addition,in different stimulation and disease,the role of MAPK molecules is different.Literature retrieval in this article,the progress in the researches on the composition of the MAPK signal pathway,the role,the relationship between nerve damage and practical application were reviewed.