Abstract: Objective To examine the status and influencing factors of health behaviors among rural adult residents in Shandong province.Methods Stratified random sampling method was used in the study to select rural residents 25 years old or elder in 3 countries of Shandong province for a face-to-face questionnaire survey.Results Among the 1600 rural residents surveyed, the prevalence rates were 26.9% for smoking, 27.9% for alcohol drinking, 55.1% for doing physical exercise, 74.3% for having regular diet, and 92.3% for getting physical examination at regular intervals, respectively.Multivariate logistic regression results showed that gender was a significantl factor influencing the status of smoking, alcohol drinking, and doing physical exercise; whereas, age was a significant factor influencing the status of doing physical exercise, having regular diet, and getting health checkups.Further more, monthly income was a significant factor influencing the behavior of having regular diet.Conclusion Health behaviors is affected by gender, age, and monthly income among rural adult residents in Shandong province.Targeted activities should be implemented for promoting correct attitude and practice of health behaviors among the residents.