Abstract: In recent years,the surveillance and early warning of infectious diseases has become a research focus in the prevention and control of infectious diseases.Traditional infectious disease surveillance system plays an important role in infectious diseases surveillance,but there are some shortcomings for the system,such as limitation of surveillance scope and lag of early warning time.With the development of information technology and the increase of massive data,the surveillance and early warning of infectious diseases based on big data is gradually becoming the focus of research.In this paper we introduce different surveillance system based on big data which stem from network,natural and social factors,medical treatment,and pathogen monitoring.In addition,we point out the advantage,disadvantage and development trend of big data-based infectious disease surveillance and early warning.