Abstract: Objective To examine the prevalence of anorectal diseases and its influencing factors among urban residents in China.Methods Multi-stage cluster random sampling was adopted to recruit permanent urban residents aged ≥18 years in 31 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities across China for face-to-face interview and physical examination from 2013 through 2014.SPSS 17.0 was used to analyze the data collected.Results Of the 42 792 residents with eligible response,21 885 reported suffering from anorectal diseases,with a reported prevalence rate of 51.14% (51.43% for the males and 50.80% for the females) and hemorrhoids was the main disease reported by the residents with a prevalence rate of 50.28%.The significant factors associated with the prevalence of the anorectal diseases were age,marriage status,education,employment status,working and life style,dietary habits,mental health state,bowel habit,familial history of anorectal disease,and blood pressure (P<0.001 for all).Conclusion The prevalence of anorectal diseases is relatively high among urban residents in China and intervention on factors associated with the diseases should be promoted among the residents.