Abstract: The name Ebola virus is derived from the Ebola River in Sudan and Congo,where the virus was firstly discovered in 1976,then quickly got extensive attention worldwide because of its epidemic in Uganda,Congo and other African countries.Infection of Ebola virus in human being and primates could cause Ebola hemorrhagic fever,which is a highly infectious disease with the mortalities approximately from 50% to 90%.The outbreak of Ebola epidemic has constituted a public health emergency with international concern.Ebola hemorrhagic fever is considered to be one of the most ferocious disease in the world,and is also a big problem to the global public health.Its cause of death included stroke,myocardial infarction,low blood volume shock and multiple organ failure.This paper reviewed prevalence charateristics,route of transmission,immunological pathogenesis,and drug and vaccine development,in order to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever.