Abstract: Objective To examine the status of pre-pregnancy health examination and pregnancy outcome and risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcome among rural childbearing women in Weihui municipality of Henan province,and to provide references for implementation of eugenics.Methods A follow-up study was conducted throughout the year of 2014 among a total of 2 125 participants recruited in Weihui municipality of Henan province from the women who were permanent rural residents,aged 20-40 years,and took pre-pregnancy health examination voluntarily.Questionnaire surveys were performed among the participants at 6th and 12th month after their first pre-pregnancy health examination to collect information on general status,health condition,and pregnancy outcome.SPSS 19.0 statistics software was used to perform univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results Of the 2125 childbearing women,914 (43.0%) were pregnant and of the pregnant women 78 (8.5%) had adverse pregnancy outcomes.The results of univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome was correlated with age (aged ≥ 35 years compared to<34 years:odds ratioOR=2.209,95% confidence interval95%CI=1.130-4.319),education (senior high school and above compared to lower than senior high school:OR=0.443,95%CI=0.297-0.659),smoking or passive smoking (smoking or with passive smoking more than 3 hours per day compared to nonsmoking or without passive smoking:OR=3.659,95%CI=1.875-7.139),whether with a smoking husband (yes compared to no:OR=2.333,95%CI=1.221-4.460),body mass index (BMI)(<18.5 compared to ≥ 18.5:OR=0.645,95%CI=0.483-0.861),whether being a first pregnancy (yes compared to no:OR=0.142,95%CI=0.072-0.288),history of exposure to toxic substance or pets (dog or cat)(yes compared to no:OR=7.268,95%CI=2.370-22.286),and whether with reproductive tract infection (yes compared to no:OR=2.750,95%CI=1.267-5.967).The results of multivariate logistic regression revealed that the risk factors of adverse pregnant outcome were reproductive tract infection (OR=4.103,95%CI=4.103-10.904),history of exposure to toxic substance or pets (OR=3.260,95%CI=3.260-9.282),smoking or passive smoking more than 3 hours per day (OR=3.127,95%CI=3.127-9.694),and low BMI of <18.5 (OR=2.617,95%CI=1.147-5.973)and being the first pregnancy was a protective factor (OR=0.114,95%CI=0.114-0.319).Conclusion Not smoking and avoiding passive smoking,keeping ideal BMI,averting exposure to toxic substance and pets,and preventing reproductive tract infection can decrease the incidence of adverse pregnant outcome among rural childbearing women with planned pregnancy.