Abstract: Objective To investigate the lifestyle among urban and rural residents in Shanghai municipality for implementing targeted health education.Methods We selected 736 households from 4 residential communities and 1 122 households from 11 village neighborhood committees in Jiuting town in Sonjiang district of Shanghai municipality using stratified random sampling;then a household questionnaire survey on awareness of smoking cessation,alcohol consumption control,rational nutrition,moderate exercise,psychological balance,and first aid knowledge was conducted among the residents selected (one family member from each of the households) between April and June 2016.Results Totally 719 (97.7%) and 1 081 (96.3%) valid responds were collected from the participants from residential communities and village household committees.Between the participants from the residential communities and village household committees,there were significant differences in prevalence of smoking (22.5%162/719vs.27.6%289/1 045),awareness rate of daily nutrition intake (75.7%544/719vs.47.7%513/1 075),and knowledge rate of right part of body to be pressed in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (69.4%497/716vs.39.1%422/1 080).Among the participants aged 18-34 years,36.1% (35/79) and 37.2% (19/51) reported having a physical activity level recommended by World Health Organization (WHO),without significant difference between the participants from residential communities and village household committees.The participants from village household committees reported a significantly higher proportion (83.2%887/1 066vs.73.6%529/719) of measuring blood pressure periodically compared to those from residential communities.Conclusion Survey on lifestyle among residents could provide a basis for carrying out targeted health education effectively in the population.