Abstract: Objective To explore main factors related to the incidence of gastric cancer in Chinese population and to provide evidences for gastric cancer prevention and control.Methods Studies on relative factors for gastric cancer incidence published between January 1998 and December 2015 were retrieved through Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM),Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP),Chinese Academic Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),and Wanfang Database and supplemental manual search and traceability search were also conducted.A meta-analysis on the included literatures was performed using RevMan 5.2.Results Totally 39 literatures published in Chinese were included,involving 8 979 cases and 11 593 controls.The results of meta-analysis showed that the risk factors of gastric cancer incidence were smoking (odds ratioOR=2.79,95% confidence interval95% CI=2.41-3.24),preference for pickled food (OR=2.48,95% CI=2.16-2.85),irregular dietary behaviors (OR=2.46,95% CI=2.08-2.92),digestive system disease (OR=6.85,95% CI=3.98-11.79),alcohol drinking (OR=2.63,95% CI=2.04-3.38),having salty food (OR=2.58,95% CI=2.09-3.20),preference for fried food (OR=2.28,95% CI=1.87-2.78),preference for hot food (OR=2.67,95% CI=2.12-3.37),family history of cancer (OR=4.50,95% CI=3.64-5.56),preference for smoked food (OR=2.86,95% CI=2.02-4.04),with infection of Helicobacter pylori (OR=2.48,95% CI=1.60-3.86),fast eating behavior (OR=2.60,95% CI=2.06-3.30),overeating (OR=2.30,95% CI=1.75-3.02),preference for dry and hard food (OR=3.99,95% CI=2.51-6.35),and preference for spicy food (OR=2.64,95% CI=1.60-4.35);while the protective factors were frequent vegetable intake (OR=0.58,95% CI=0.49-0.68),drinking tea frequently (OR=0.52,95% CI=0.42-0.64),frequent intake of beans and soy products (OR=0.49,95% CI=0.36-0.67),eating garlic frequently (OR=0.37,95% CI=0.24-0.56),frequent consumption of milk and milk products (OR=0.63,95% CI=0.51-0.79),and taking fruits frequently (OR=0.56,95% CI=0.48-0.65).Sensitivity and publication bias analysis showed that there was no publication bias for the literatures included and the results were reliable.Conclusion Smoking,alcohol consumption,family history,disease history and eating habits are the main factors affecting the incidence of gastric cancer in Chinese population.